S02E29: Stunning! Voyager 2's Interstellar Contact // XRISM // Space Junk Identified and more.

Good day everybody, and welcome to the Astronomy Daily podcast for Friday, the

fourth of August twenty twenty three. My name is Hallie and I will be

your host for today. As usual, I am in the studio with my

favorite human Tim, who unfortunately has laryngitis, so I will be doing most

of the hosting duties today. As Andrew and Steve discussed Voyager too earlier in

the week, Tim has an anecdote for us, so over to you,

Tim, and no rusty voices please, thanks for Hallie, and I'll do

my very best to not sound too rusty now. As Hallie has already said,

Steph and Andrew discussed Voyager earlier in the week, and if you do

a search on YouTube for the greatest live television shot with James Burke, he

is doing a live piece to camera talking about the Apollo space rockets whilst Voyager

is launching in the background. A lot of people thought this was CGI,

but this was done in the nineteen seventies when none of that existed, and

it's really great to watch. I would recommend it to you all now,

seeing as my voice is not one hundred percent today. Back to you,

Halle for our Stories of the Week, thanks Tim. In a remarkable feat

of interstellar communication, NASA has successfully re established contact with Voyager two, a

spacecraft that's been journeying through the Cosmos since nineteen seventy seven. Currently positioned over

twelve point three billion miles from Earth, Voyager two received an interstellar shout from

NASA's highest power transmitter based in Canberra, Australia, correcting its antenna orientation and

re establishing communication. Both Voyager spacecraft carry Golden Records, twelve inch gold plated

copper discs narrating the story of our world to potential extraterrestrial life. The success

of this interstellar shout, initially not expected until October fifteenth, marks a significant

milestone for NASA and the Voyager mission. However, it's worth noting that the

power banks of the Voyager spacecraft are projected to run out sometime after twenty twenty

five. NASA data helps Bangladeshi farmers save water, money, energy. With

nearly one hundred and seventy million residents, Bangladesh is one of the most densely

populated nations in the world. Nearly half of its residents work on or live

around farms. And rice crops are critical to feeding that population. So when

researchers from the University of Washington and Bangladesh's Ministry of Agriculture joined forces to use

data from NASA and its partners to help the country's rice farmers, the potential

benefit was substantial. Through their IRIS program, short for the Integrated Rice Advisory

System, researchers from UW and Bangladesh use satellite data to deliver information to farmers

about how much water they are using, how much they have, and how

much their crops need. Rice is an essential crop in Bangladesh, and cultivating

it requires a lot of water and fuel. During the country's dry season,

which takes place from January to June, farmers typically pump groundwater from aquifers.

Pumping is expensive and it usually requires burning fuels that release carbon dioxide into the

atmosphere. To create sustainable and climate resilient agriculture for the future, we need

to minimize irrigation waste and decarbonize the production by using affordable solutions that can be

scaled globally. Set Feissel Hossain, Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the

University of Washington and leader of IRIS, The IRIS team completed its first nationwide

effort in June twenty twenty three, providing advisories on irrigation needs to more than

ten million farmers across Bangladesh. Hossain and the IRIS team estimate that the program

has the potential to reduce agricultural water waste in Bangladesh by about thirty percent,

reduce agricultural fuel consumption by forty five percent, save one hundred and fifteen million

dollars annually in fuel subsidies, and reduce carbon emissions by three hundred thousand tons

per year. An experiment sent to the International Space Station aims to help scientists

develop AC for astronauts who may travel to remote areas of our Solar System and

perhaps one day beyond deep space. AC requires understanding how low gravity affects boiling

and condensation. An experiment sent to the International Space Station on the final entary's

rocket launch, which took place on Tuesday, August first, aims to help

scientists develop air conditioning for a future in which astronauts can travel to remote places

in the Solar System, keeping humans alive, happy, and healthy while away

from the comfort of Earth, including on spacecraft or in planetary habitats will require

reliable air conditioning that can continue operating in wildly different temperatures and when exposed to

various gravitational environments. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems on Earth use evaporation

and condensation to control indoor air temperatures and humidity. Thus, designing systems for

possible deep space habitats will first require understanding how microgravity affects such evaporation and condensation

processes. We have developed over a hundred years worth of understanding of how heat

and cooling systems work in Earth's gravity, but we haven't known how they work

in weightlessness. SETTI some muta war produce Betty Ruth and Milton by Hollander,

Family, professor of mechanical engineering, said in a new step towards this goal,

a Perdue University experiment launched on the nineteenth Commercial Resupply Service mission from Northrop

Grumman and G nineteen to the International Space Stations. Hopefully it'll collect data to

help answer long standing questions about how boiling and condensation work in low gravity.

This will add a second module to a facility called the Flow Boiling and Condensation

Experiment FBC. The first module aboard the ISS since August twenty twenty one,

has been collecting data on the effects of microgravity on boiling in particular, but

the new components arriving at ISS will soon allow teams to also investigate how condensation

works in microgravity by comparing data collected in orbit with data collected on the ground.

Both modules will run through twenty twenty five. Japan's RISM X ray Imaging

and Spectroscopy mission, pronounced at CHRISM Observatory, expected to launch August twenty fifth

August twenty sixth, Japan local time, will provide an unprecedented view into some

of the hottest places in the universe, and it will do so using an

instrument that's actually colder than the frostiest cosmic location now known. Srism's resolve instrument

will let us peer into the makeup of cosmic X ray sources to a degree

that hasn't been possible before, said Richard Kelly, NASA's RISM principal investigator at

NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. We anticipate many new insights

about the hottest objects in the universe, which include exploding stars, black holes,

and galaxies. Powered by them and clusters of galaxies. A new NASA

infographic illustrates the enormous range of cosmic temperatures. At the bottom of the scale

is absolute zero kelvin or four hundred and fifty nine point six seven degrees below

zero fahrenheit minus two hundred and seventy three point one five celsius. The detector

fors RISMS Resolve instrument is just a few hundreds of a degree warmer than this.

It's twenty times chillier than the Boomerang nebula, the coldest known natural environment,

and about fifty times colder than the temperature of deep space, which is

warmed only by the oldest light in the universe, the cosmic microwave background.

The instrument, a collaboration between NASSA and jacksa japan aerospace exploration agency, must

be kept so cold because it works by measuring the tiny temperature increase created when

X rays strike its detector. This information builds up a picture of how bright

the source is. In various X ray energies the equivalent of colors of visible

light and lets. Astronomers identify chemical elements by their unique X ray finger prints

called spectra. With current instruments were only capable of seeing these finger prints in

a comparatively blurry way, said Brian Williams, NASA's RISM Projects scientist at Goddard.

Resolve will effectively give X ray astrophysics a spectrometer with a magnifying glass.

Srism's other instrument, called Stend, developed by Jackson and Japanese Universities, is

an X ray imager that will perform simultaneous observations with Resolve, providing complementary information.

Both instruments rely on two identical X ray mirror assemblies developed at Goddard.

The mystery surrounding a large piece of space debris that washed up on a beach

in western Australia appears to have been solved. The Australian Space Agency believes the

wreckage is likely a section of the third stage of a Polar Satellite launch vehicle

PSLV operated by the Indian Space Research Organization IRO. The debris is thought to

be part of a PSLV rocket that launched a navigation satellite for the IRNSS constellation

on May twenty ninth, twenty twenty three. The incident highlights the growing problem

of space debris with the European Space Agency estimating that there are currently around ten

thousand spacecraft in orbit around Earth, at least two thousand of which are dead.

The Astronomy Daily Podcast thank you. Thanks for that. Hollie, do

you have a joke for us this week? Here's a science joke for you.

Why did the biologist break up with the computer scientist because they couldn't find

a common ancestor. That is just a terrible joke. Thanks everybody for listening

to Astronomy Daily. You can find all of our episodes, plus our parent

podcasts, space Nuts at space nuts dot io or at bites dot com.

And don't forget that you can join in the conversation yourself by going to our

Facebook page Space Nuts podcast group. You can hear Steve Dunkley on Mondays and

myself, Tim Gives on Fridays for a full show. Thanks for listening,

see you next week. Bye for now. Thanks Tim TTFN to check you

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